Mathematics 8 (Grade 7/8)
1. The Number System and Exponents (8.NS/8.EE)
In this unit, students will know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers. Students should know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational and understand that every number has a decimal expansion. For rational numbers students should show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually. Students should also use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers and approximately locate them on a number line diagram. Students will apply properties of the law of exponents to simplify expressions. Students will understand the meaning behind square root and cubed root symbols. Numbers will be expressed in scientific notation so students can compare very large and very small quantities and compute with those numbers.
What should my child know and be able to do?
Students will:
Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
8.NS.A.1
Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number.
8.NS.A.2
Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., π^2). For example, by truncating the decimal expansion of √2, show that √2 is between 1 and 2, then between 1.4 and 1.5, and explain how to continue on to get better approximations.
Work with radicals and integer exponents.
8.EE.A.1
Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. For example, 3^2 × 3^-5 = 3^-3 = 1/3^3 = 1/27.
8.EE.A.2
Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x^2 = p and x^3 = p, where p is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that √2 is irrational.
8.EE.A.3
Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. For example, estimate the population of the United States as 3 times 10^8 and the population of the world as 7 times 10^9, and determine that the world population is more than 20 times larger.
8.EE.A.4
Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology
Students will:
Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
8.NS.A.1
Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number.
- Check for Understanding: Converting Repeating Decimals to Fractions | Rewriting Decimals as Fractions Challenge | Converting Mult-Digit Repeating Decimals to Fractions | Classify Numbers: Rational and Irrational | Writing Fractions As Repeating Decimals
- Review/Rewind: Introduction to Rational and Irrational Numbers | Converting a Fraction to a Repeating Decimal | Converting Repeating Decimals to Fractions
- Enrichment Tasks: Identifying Rational Numbers | Converting Repeating Decimals to Fractions
8.NS.A.2
Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., π^2). For example, by truncating the decimal expansion of √2, show that √2 is between 1 and 2, then between 1.4 and 1.5, and explain how to continue on to get better approximations.
- Check for Understanding: Comparing Irrational Numbers with a Calculator
- Review/Rewind: Approximating Square Roots to Hundredths
- Enrichment Tasks: Comparing Rational and Irrational Numbers | Irrational Numbers on the Number Line
Work with radicals and integer exponents.
8.EE.A.1
Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. For example, 3^2 × 3^-5 = 3^-3 = 1/3^3 = 1/27.
- Check for Understanding: Negative Exponents | Properties of Exponents | Using Exponent Rules to Evaluate Expressions
- Review/Rewind: Negative Exponents | Exponent Rules Part One | Exponent Rules Part Two
- Enrichment Tasks: Extending the Definition of Exponents, Variation 1
8.EE.A.2
Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x^2 = p and x^3 = p, where p is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that √2 is irrational.
- Check for Understanding: Square Roots of Perfect Squares | Cube Roots
- Review/Rewind: Introduction to Square Roots | Introduction to Cube Roots
8.EE.A.3
Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. For example, estimate the population of the United States as 3 times 10^8 and the population of the world as 7 times 10^9, and determine that the world population is more than 20 times larger.
- Check for Understanding: Approximating with Powers of 10
- Review/Rewind: Approximating with Powers of 10
- Enrichment Tasks: Ant and Elephant | Orders of Magnitude
8.EE.A.4
Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology
- Check for Understanding: Scientific Notation | Scientific Notation Challenge | Multiplying and Dividing in Scientific Notation
- Review/Rewind: Subtracting in Scientific Notation | Multiplying and Dividing in Scientific Notation
- Enrichment Tasks: Giantburgers | Ants vs Humans
What are some signs of student mastery?
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Tools & Technology
Exploring Square Roots (Learn Alberta) Build squares to visualize squares and square roots as well as imperfect square roots. Pick-a-Path (NCTM) Practice calculations starting at level 4 with fractions, level 5 metric units, level 6 fraction and decimal operations, and level 7 exponent operations. Patterning the Powers of 10 (Learn Alberta) Practice identifying patterns in powers of 10 using matching. |
Source: HCPSS Office of Secondary Mathematics
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Go on to 2. Geometry (8.G)